Examples of how different fish swim in different Steffensen-type swim tunnels:


Fast escape response of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) - filmed at 250 frames per second with Fastec Imaging High Resolution Camera - a total of 275 frames (animated gif file) (Foto: J. F. Steffensen). Light is flickering due to different frequencies - 50Hz vs. 250 Hz.

 

Picasso fish slowly swimming with stiff body.     Fish  fast swimming with paired fins AND tail.

Filmed at the Sesoko Biosphere Laboratory, Japan. Further information. (Foto: J. F. Steffensen).

Parrot fish slowly swimming with stiff body. Filmed at the Sesoko Biosphere Laboratory, Japan. Further information. (Foto: J. F. Steffensen).

Yellow Tail Surgeon fish slowly swimming with stiff body - filmed at Sesoko Biosphere Lab, Japan (Foto: J. F. Steffensen).

Japanese mackerel (Scomber japonicus) - experiment at Scripps with Bob Schadwick (Foto: J. F. Steffensen).

Filmed at the Sesoko Biosphere lab, Japan (Foto: J. F. Steffensen).

European eel (Anguilla anguilla) swimming at MBL - 25 fps (Foto: J. F. Steffensen).

Sea Bass (Dicentrachus labrax)

Self propelled toy fish - swimming like a box fish with a rigid body (Patent with description of construction)

 

Pile perch (Rhacochilus vacca) swimming in a Steffensen Type I swimtunnel during FishSwimming course at UW Friday Harbor Labs 2015

 

 

 

 

 

How does a coral reef fish deal with the ever changing direction and water velocity on a reef with large waves? - biddirectional swim tunnel design and video by Keith Korsmeyer

Ref: Marcoux, T. M. and K. E. Korsmeyer (2019). "Energetics and behavior of coral reef fishes during oscillatory swimming in a simulated wave surge." J Exp Biol 222(Pt 4): jeb.191791. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.191791


 

Banded knifefish Gymnotus carapo swimming AND air breathing at different swimming speed in a modified Steffensen Mk. I-type swimming respirometer. Video by Dr. Dave McKenzie.

McKenzie, D. J., Steffensen, J. F., Taylor, E. W. and Abe, A. S. (2012). The contribution of air-breathing to aerobic scope and exercise performance in the banded knifefish Gymnotus carapo L. J. Exp. Biol. 215; 1323 - 1330.


Example of a Steffensen Swim Tunnel Mk. III - Prototype:

AutoCad drawing of Steffensen swimtunnel Mk. III.


Video from "Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Project w IFREMER" with a few swimming sequences of tuna. 5 min and in French

https://vimeo.com/787590263/4731615c97

 

 

Updated January 2023.